Profitability of Slavery - 1891 Words

A. Plan of Investigation To what extent was slavery profitable? Research Question: To what extent was slavery profitable? Scope: This paper will focus primarily on the profitability of slave labor and the role that slavery possessed on the South’s economic growth in the Antebellum time period It will refer to economic profitability of slavery as a system rather than an individual business discussing factors such as the prices of slave and cotton prices at the time, the labor output of the slaves, costs of maintaining the slaves, and the net reproduction rate of the slaves. Method: For this particular paper, conclusions were drawn by searching various databases for economic journals by noteworthy professionals who have a background of historical economics. These economists analyzed data from over the years and applied them to economic principals and equations in order to determine if slavery was profitable. Many papers by professionals were then reviewed and information was combined in order to draw conclusions about the economics of slavery in the paper at hand. B. Summary of Evidence Similar to the purchase of any form of capital, the acquisition of slaves is made with the anticipation of gaining greater returns in the near or distant future. This model of classical capital theory is applicable to the profitability of slave owning in the antebellum period because these particular slave investments produced a natural increase with the passage of time. Alfred H. ConradShow MoreRelatedProfitability of Slavery1536 Words   |  7 Pages Topic title: Profitability of Slavery Briefly state the two opposing views. A. Abolitionists condemned slavery based on moral, social, and economic reasons. Many believed that slaves were mistreated and were often subjected to corporal punishment. Others argued that the forced labor of blacks was inefficient and unproductive for various racial and economic reasons. Ulrich Phillip’s studies from the antebellum slavery in the south claimed that although plantation slavery produced great wealthRead MoreProfitability of Slavery 1399 Words   |  6 PagesProfitability of Slavery Throughout the years, slavery has been regarded as a profitable investment that fueled economic growth in both Spain and Portugal, but the reality is that it was only profitable in the beginning as it began to depreciate towards the end of slavery. The latter part is precisely the reason slavery ended because it was no longer profitable to slave owners. The cheap labor provided by the African slaves that ensured many Europeans’ wealth eventually backfired as slavery madeRead MoreThe Atlantic Slave Trade Essay1225 Words   |  5 Pagesbegan to gather in centralized communities with a surplus of food, they could reap the benefits of cheap labour. Slavery can be found in historical records dating back to even the earliest civilizations. The Code of Hammurabi details the oldest confirmed use of slavery in the 18th century B.C.E. (Fage 1969, 394). With such incredible longevity, it was inevitable that the institution of slavery would find its way to the new world. The Atlantic Sla ve trade can be divided into two eras. The first era ofRead MoreEric Williams Thesis on Capitalism and Slavery and Arguments Made for and Against the Thesis.1564 Words   |  7 PagesERIC WILLIAMS THESIS ON CAPITALISM AND SLAVERY AND ARGUMENTS MADE FOR AND AGAINST THE THESIS. Many historians justify that the evolving of the industrial revolution was based on slavery and mainly the triangular trade. The triangular trade was the route taken by Europeans to transport goods to Africa in exchange for slaves to be taken to the Americans. The triangular trade was seen as the first system of global commerce which linked Britain, Africa and the Americans. The most important coloniesRead MoreCapitalism and Slavery1511 Words   |  7 Pagestenth died within a year of landing. The slave population in the Americas reached a staggering 33,000 in 1700, nearly three million in 1800 and pecked at over six million in 1850. The soul purpose of these race-based migrations was forced labor. Slavery was a major institution in western antiquity. Slave trade opened up profitable markets for the investment of the cash surpluses accrued by merchants, as well as monarchs, aristocrats, guilds and clergy. This institution facilitated the rise of theRead MorePublic Policy And Slave Security798 Words   |  4 Pagespolicy and slave security played a significant role in the profitability of antebellum slavery. When looking into this, the authors aim to determine whether there was an economic relationship that existed between public policy and slave prices. 2) Explain how the author tries to answer the question The authors have recognized that most economic historians have overlooked the impact of public policies and slave security on the profitability of the Antebellum South. The authors take a close look onRead MoreModern Historical Debate Surrounding The Anglo-American1682 Words   |  7 PagesAtlantic slave trade stems directly from the publication of Eric Williams’ transformative Capitalism and Slavery in 1944. Dismantling with fierce efficacy the long-dominant interpretation of abolition as a function of humanitarian enlightenment, Williams’ thesis instead contends that after providing the material foundation and trade infrastructure for Europe’s industrial revolution, slavery had fulfilled its purpose and was thus replaced by capitalism as an economic modality. Though radical forRead MoreA Review of American Negro Slavery by Ulrich B. Phillips Essay1311 Words   |  6 PagesA Review of American Negro Slavery by Ulrich B. Phillips Phillips book is an attempt to provide an overview of the practice and institutions of slavery in the Americas from its beginnings to the 19th century. Writing in 1918, Phillips hoped to provide an account of slavery based upon historical evidence and modern methods of research, rather than ideological motivations. He drew his evidence from the plantation records and letters of slave owners; contemporary travel accounts; court recordsRead MoreSlavery and Liberty ‚Äà ¬ Profit vs. Morality1306 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Slavery and Liberty – Profit vs. Morality 18th-Century British Writers Speed the Process of Freedom â€Å"By the late 18th century, over eleven million African men, women and children had been taken from Africa to be used as slaves in the West Indies and the American colonies. Great Britain was the mightiest superpower on earth and its empire was built on the backs of slaves. The slave trade was considered acceptable by all but a few. Of them even fewer were brave enough to speak it.† (AmazingRead MoreSlavery And The Slave Trade1498 Words   |  6 PagesThe phenomenon of new world slavery was a well-run business and the slaves were the product. Slavery was one of the few industries in history where assets exceeded liability and owner’s equity, which is an unusual occurrence considering the equation is normally that assets equal liability and owner’s equity. Throughout this essay, the rise of slavery and the slave trade will be explained and slavery will be illustrated as the product of a domino effect. Slavery was a process and it took many people

Should Extinction Be Forever Restitution, Restoration,...

Christian Diehm wrote many journal articles, and showed his intelligence through his writing, and education. He achieved several awards, and is an inspiration to scientists across the world. The article that will be discussed today is Should Extinction be Forever? Restitution, Restoration, and Reviving Extinct Species by Christian Diehm. This article is about reversing the plant extinction, or ‘de-extinction’, and how to further this project. This process means that when human damages, or kills an organism they owe restitution towards that species, or a relative of theirs. There are benefits to this design, and there are portions that would not add up if all followed. There are many people who have contributed towards this concept of de-extinction, these people are the ones who have shaped the future for us. This concept of restitution is a good thought in speculation, but there are too many problems with the execution. This article gives people s names that have contributed a large portion of what this concept has become. This can range from being the original founder group to giving helpful small details, to the people who have tested this plan of action, and adjustments. One of the largest contributors for de-extinction was a man named Paul Taylor. Paul’s original term that agrees with this was ‘environmental ethics’; his whole mental vision of environmental ethics was that humans need to have a conscience respect for nature. Courtesy for nature means one of the primaryShow MoreRelatedThe Article Should Extinction Be Forever? Essay1443 Words   |  6 PagesThe article Should Extinction Be Forever? Restitution, Restoration, and Reviving Extinct Species by Christian Diehm discusses the concept of de-extinction or restoring species that were once extinct by human cause. The concept is very controversial and various authors and scientists have their views on it. Although it is a good idea on the outside, de-extinction has many problematic factors associated with it. The thylacine, or â€Å"Tasmanian tiger,† was declared extinct in 1936 when the last survivingRead MoreThe Article Should Extinction Be Forever? Essay1289 Words   |  6 PagesThe article Should Extinction Be Forever?,Restitution, Restoration, and Reviving Extinct Species by Christian Diehm, discusses the concept of de-extinction, or restoring species that were once extinct by human cause. The concept is very controversial and various authors and scientists have their views on it. Although a good idea on the outside, de-extinction has many problematic factors associated with it. The thylacine or â€Å"Tasmanian tiger†, was declared extinct in 1936 when the last surviving one

Proceedings Sixth International Conference -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Proceedings Sixth International Conference? Answer: Introduction In 1996, Jane Willis came up with an innovative framework for task-based language teaching. In the model, she incorporated three stages of learning pre-task, task cycle and language focus. Later, in 2003, Rod Ellis introduced a modified version of the model and established another framework. His model also had three stages that included pre-task, during task and post-task. It can be observed that both Willis and Ellis TBLT framework have similar stages of teaching. In the first stage of Willis model, the teacher discovers the topic emphasizes helpful words and phrases and then learners are taught with examples. The task cycle stage provides learners the chance to carry out actual world tasks with the teacher monitoring them. The last stage that is language focus lays stress on language traits utilized during previous two stages (Hung, 2014). On the other hand, the first stage of Ellis model is characterized by activities for consciousness elevating. Then, the second stage involves r egulating the topic. The last stage of Ellis model is characterized by communication activities where students reflect on what they have learned. Thus, it is evident that although both models have certain similarities, Ellis model gives a better opportunity for students to be involved on a deeper level (Ellis, 2013). Communication activities are laid more stress in Ellis model that was missing from Willis framework. Designing lesson for TBLT using Ellis framework The following lesson is designed for first-year undergraduate students using the Ellis framework for Task-based language teachin Topic: Portrayal of globalization and its influence on culture in different newspapers Duration: 60 minutes Target group: First year undergraduates Profile: An average of 44 students is present in each class with most of them having diploma in English. They all have English as a compulsory subject in the 1st year of their undergraduate class. Task sequence:- Task-based preparation of a report Speaking on the topic Listening to peers Pre-Task Students will be introduced to the topic and the tasks that follow Task objective: To reveal to the students, the topic of globalization and expose them to the terms and phrases related to it. It must be remembered that new terms and phrases should be introduced to the students. Show images of people of different nationalities shaking hands, flags of two countries together in a frame and more such images. Ask the students if they recognize any of the faces or the flags. Read out articles from The Guardian and The New York Times and then explain it by drawing images of cultural differences in the blackboard. Videos containing information related to different cultures may also be used. Ask the students whether they have any idea about the visuals shown. Categorize students into two separate groups Group 1 and Group 2 and assign them the task to bring articles with pictures on cultural practices published in two leading dailies of UK and US. Group 1 should bring articles from UK dailies and magazines while Group 2 shall gather articles from US dailies. Each group then will assemble and discuss the issues they found on the articles and the meaning of the pictures. They will then be asked to identify the similarities and differences between the content of the article published in the newspapers of both countries and write those down. Ask them to role-play as reporters and news anchors presenting news story on the impact of cultural variations in international relations. Reveal the task, Globalization and its impact on culture as portrayed in different newspapers, finding similarities and differences. The task is similar to what they have just finished doing with the addition that they will now have to verbally explain these in English. Remember not to force them into speaking perfectly at the very beginning, as this would make them nervous. Let them go with the flow and explain in ways with which they are comfortable. During Task This stage involves four activities: Reading newspaper articles on globalization and its influence on culture Collecting images relating to the topic and pasting them alongside the notes Watching video on culture and globalization and its portrayal in different media Sharing the experience in the class with teacher and fellow students At the end of the activity, students should analyze the points that are not similar to other groups. This is followed by playing out another video demonstrating the cultural vibrancy of different nations and the influence of globalization. The video might have inaccurate information, which the students have to identify and note it. (Video might have to be replayed multiple times in order to let the students take note) Post-Task The teacher shall list out several options that refer to the inaccuracies shown in the video. The students will be asked to come to the blackboard and tick on the one option that they match with their note. Students then read out the options that were ticked by each as the correct option. Then, they identify the similarities and differences more clearly and discuss it in the class. The teacher should hold an interactive session where each student is allowed to express their views on the reasons for the dissimilarities in the portrayal of culture and influence of globalization on it in different newspapers. After that, the students may identify any new word or phrase that they have heard for the first time. Ask them to make a phrase or sentence with the new word. The students then can be asked to relate their culture to the ones shown in the video and share their personal experiences on the effects of globalization imposed on their culture. They can be encouraged to talk about the positives of globalization such as exchange of cultural values and tradition and appreciation of the same. At the end of it, the teacher shall prepare a questionnaire in which the students will be asked about their overall experience of the task. It would also contain questions like Which part of the task was most difficult to execute and why? What was the best part about the task? Which words did you find the most difficult to understand? and so on. The following graph represents the number of students who take up Task-based learning and the reasons for taking up TBLT As shown in the graph, 40% students prefer task-based language learning because they have an interest in learning English. With a mere 9%, opting for TBL to meet new people is the least. This graph helps teachers prepare their TBLT program more efficiently. References: Ellis, R. (2014, December). Taking the critics to task: The case for task-based teaching. InProceedings of the Sixth cls International Conference clasic 2014, Singapore(pp. 103-117). Skehan, P. (2014). Task-based performance and task-based instruction: Research contributions.Plenary address to the Task-Based Learning SIG-JALT, Osaka, Japan.

The Venus of Urbino Essay Example

The Venus of Urbino Paper The representation of the female nude in art history exists in abundance; as does the prototype from which these nudes are styled. The focus of this essay will be the masterpieces Venus of urban, 1538, Titian Vehicle painted In the period referred to as the High Renaissance; being a study of methods systems and standardized practice of art. Along with Grandee Odalisque, 1814, Jean-Augusta-Dominique Ingress, painted during the Neo-classical period; concerned with the Ideal, harmonious, naturalist style of art. Titian and Ingress were considered some of the most important artists of heir time; credited with being both progressive and conservative. Noting the paintings and painters alike stand on their own as genius, their individual contributions are monumental to the respective movements. Despite their separation of close to three centuries, an important comparative link the artist share is through using old forms and new content always referencing previous standards and canon to produce original work. Through identifying each work through their individual form content and context the two works will be contrasted. Titian is considered to eave been the greatest 16th-century Venetian painter, and the shaper of the Venetian colorist and painterly tradition. He Is one of the key figures In the history of Western art. Tolland Vehicle was born In the north of Venice, In 1477; he was trained by both Belong and Giorgio, and after Gorinesss early death In 1 510 It fell to Atlanta to complete a number of his unfinished painting (Goofed 1997). We will write a custom essay sample on The Venus of Urbino specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Venus of Urbino specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Venus of Urbino specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer His works were increasingly sought after ,his unexpected gift as historian as a witness and interpreter of the reality of his time, through the vehicle of his portraiture(Fearer 002), here lies the possibility to follow both the stylistic and human progress of the Titans influence on later artists: he was supreme in every branch of painting and revolutionized the oil technique with his free and expressive brushwork and adoption of canvas. The history of the period 1517-1642 Italy is very interesting. The Protestant Reformation happened in the beginning of 1517, and soon spread to include most of northern Europe. The Counter-Reformation or Catholic Reformation began In the Catholic Church about the sasss (Hill, 1980). Most art In this period was eased on the canon of the Renaissance generally, classical Ideal naturalism derived from the ancients: the private parts of the nudes were covered in the next few decades. About 1530, the year in which his wife died, a change in Titans manner becomes apparent. The asses are marked by relative quiet, pictorial subtlety, and colorist refinement, as exemplified by the Venus of Robin 1538-39, Fizz, Florence. The strong, simple colors used here, and the artists evident pleasure in the silhouetting of dark forms against a light background, reappear throughout the work of this period. The Venus of Robin was painted for Guidebook Della Rover, the heir of Francesco Maria Della Rover, Duke of Robin. The pose of this Venus brings to mind that of Gorinesss Sleeping Venus In Dressed (It Is believed the young Titian had completed after Gorinesss death) the Intent of the painting Is quite deferent. Titans Venus has nothing to do with Gorinesss Idealized Image of female beauty; It Is normally interpreted as a metaphor of marital love. There have been some suggestions that tender malign De a connection Witt ten weaning AT Gladiolus cell Rover Ana Giuliani Varian in 1534(Hill, 1980). A splendid female nude off goddess, later copied by eighteenth and nineteenth century artists, comfortably reclined covered with cushions, and holding flowers. Probably the most important aspect of the painting which should not be overlooked is the contrast of light and shade produced by the pale body of Venus on an equally pale sheet, standing out against the dark wall behind. Architectural motifs are used to enhance the drama of the scene where trees and figures together form a centrifugal composition suited to the action. Titian asserts not spatial unity but there is an inconsistency between the foreground and he background, even though we are invited to recognize the contextual relation between the two: a bed in the foreground, bedroom furnishings in the background. The vertical wall, draped with a green curtain, separate these spaces, and their link is challenged by the difference of scale. The standing maid, for example, measures slightly less than one-third the figure of Venus. ) Titian repeats this displacement by displacing the vanishing point of his own perspective creation with Venus eyes, which is further honored by every other trick in Titans Venetian book, by the manipulation of color and light, the direction of folds in the various fabrics, and the elimination of any other glance (even the dogs) as competition for our attention. Traditional critical responses dwell on the classical beauty of the nude Venus of Robin or they overstretch themselves in complex iconographic interpretations. Because sexuality and gender identity are bound to society, understanding Titans women requires understanding his time and place, the psychological, political, social and economic situation of women in sixteenth-century Venice (Goofed, 1997). Titans twin Cassini are, then, purposeful signifier, the furniture equivalent of the myrtle and bouquet of roses, plants that were then, and remain, familiar bridal attributes (Tansy, 1996). Titans heroine lacks classical correctness, the passive demeanor expected (by modern critics, at least) of an ancient goddess. Titans Venus, on the contrary, is alert and powerful, a more dominating, direct Venus. More than twenty-five years separate Gorinesss creation from Titans painting. He changed the archetype into two obvious ways: Venus is now indoors, and she is awake. Outdoors, though furnished with cushions and sheets, Gorinesss Venus inhabits an romantic surroundings traditionally associated with love and lovemaking in medieval and Renaissance imagery, Asleep, Gorinesss Venus seems demure in comparison with Titans conscious, alert heroine, the pose was invented by Parallaxes for the Aphrodite of Knits, which was a standing figure. Titian, like Giorgio and others before them, borrowed for painting a posture or contrasts devised for sculpture, which makes the ideal of the arts an undertone of the Venus of Robin. Titian departed from the honored prototype in two significant ways. The first is straightforward: Venus does not cover her breast with her right arm but instead props herself up on pillows while clutching a bouquet of roses. The second variation, however, is challenging unlike the ancient Venus, she does not merely conceal, she caresses herself The Venus of Robin adds boldness to independence, and self- aware, she reclines in a well-furnished, modern (sixteenth-century) bedroom and addresses her sexual power directly to the beholder, may explain why Titian created Nils only messmates Interior Tort ten Venus AT Ordure. Although teen are OTOH obviously nudes, Ingress nude refers back to a figurative setting of exotic lands. Ingress nude slyly turns her head in profile but does not stare at us sullenly the way. Ingress nude could be beckoning the viewer seductively, refers to Titans Venus of Robin, but her much more upright stance is modestly staring at us. A comparison of this cool yet voluptuous work with Ingress La Grandee Odalisque later shows the wide range of sexuality which an outline style can express. Ingress, Jean-Augusta- Dominique 1780-1867. French painter, parliamentarian, A leading Neo-classicist, he was a student of Jacques Louis David. He was considered painter and icon of cultural conservatism in 19th-century France. He studied and worked in Rome about 1807-20, his portraits are meticulously detailed and highly polished. A master draughtsman, he considered drawing the probity of art, and marked by clarity of line and a cool formality in fierce opposition to the Romanticism of. His major works, exercised a profound influence on 19th-century French Academic art (Ackerman, 1995). In politics it was an age of upheaval, particularly with destructive and total warfare before 1715. It was also a time of expanding capitalism that saw rapidly expanding international read and a growing population. The increasing importance, wealth and self-esteem of the European middle classes, who became increasingly associated with the arts in this period Ingress became the leader of the French tradition of Neoclassical painting after the death of Jacques-Louis David. Ingresss cool, meticulously drawn works were the opposite of the contemporary Romantic school. Romanticism can be seen as a rejection of the precepts of order, calm, harmony, balance, idealization, and rationality that typified Classicism in general and late 18th-century Neoclassicism in particular. The strict classicists looked upon Ingress as a rebel, the leaders of the Romantic Movement for which Ingress, throughout his long life, always expressed the deepest hatred, alone seem to have been reasonable of his qualities, and found him celebrated throughout France. Whilst he taught with repressive authority and admirable wisdom, it was with angry disgust and resentment that he found his work received with the same doubt and indifference, if not the same hostility His technique as a painter was academically unimpeachable he said paint should be as smooth as the skin of an onion but he was often attacked for the expressive situations of his draftsmanship; Unfortunately the influence of Ingress was mainly seen in those shortcomings and weaknesses which have come to be regarded as the hallmark of inferior academic work. ( Pooch, 2002). Ingress is a puzzling artist and his career is full of contradictions The central contradiction of his career is that although he was held up as the guardian of Classical rules and precepts, it is his personal obsessions and mannerisms that make him such a great artist. The Grandee Odalisque 1814 was commissioned by Napoleons sister, Queen Caroline of Naples. Ingress was known as an artist who rendered a wide variety of themes, from historical scenes to portraits. As one of the great Neo- Classicists artists he was interested in art history and in exotic cultures. Ingress was fascinated by the sensuality and exoticism of a near eastern harem. An Odalisque is a female slave of the harem, in Turkish she is literally a maid of the chamber. He often used ancient classical sculptures as source materials for his figures, accentuating the contours As Baudelaire remarked, his finest works are the product of a deeply sensuous nature. He stressed ten Importance AT Ellen as Trot Greek art Ana works DAY Raphael (Ackerman, 1995). The Odalisque is a study in opposites: The Oriental languor of her reclining pose is in opposition to her actual position. She appears relaxed but the position would be difficult to maintain comfortably. Her soft, warm skin tones are contrasted with the opulent silk patterns in cool colors. She is looking toward the viewer yet she is turned away. The critics disapproved of the figure; they complained that she seemed to have extra vertebrae in her back and that her arm had no detailed elbow. The figure is not quite correct and yet this abstraction gives the Odalisque a fluid quality that would otherwise not be possible. Ingress put great attention to the textures and an almost photographic realism to the fur, velvet and satin. The Contrast between the two paintings is plain; the reclining nude Venus is shown frontally in a languid posture; the seated nude Odalisque is seen from behind directs her gaze at least in part, toward the viewer. Commitment to ideal form and careful compositional structure is also another important comparison of the two paintings and painters. Both relied heavily on the canon of ideal beauty each played with and challenged the rules of the day. Masterfully they combined the ideal with the exotic, while setting their nudes in identifiable settings of their era. Color plays an important role in both paintings almost setting the stage, creating an almost theatrical scene; both were painted using oils on canvas. The origins of both works closely linked to the traditional; this in itself is not unusual for painters of their time but Titian and Ingress shaped these traditions in a ways that typifies their nude ladies s unique original and exemplary works that still today define the reclining nude.